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Injection molding

Plastic material injection molding

The Rifra team actively collaborates with the customer throughout the entire injection process to address defects and productivity losses. We work side by side to optimize process conditions, while sharing studies on additives and alternative materials to mitigate moisture, viscosity, thermal decomposition, and flow issues at the source, leveraging mutual expertise and effectively reducing waste.

The Rifra team actively collaborates with the customer throughout the entire injection process to address defects and productivity losses. We work side by side to optimize process conditions, while sharing studies on additives and alternative materials to mitigate moisture, viscosity, thermal decomposition, and flow issues at the source, leveraging mutual expertise and effectively reducing waste.

Phase one

1. Material preparation and dosing

In the plastic injection molding process, the first fundamental step is material preparation and dosing. Raw materials, in granule form, must often be dried and mixed with any additives, color Masterbatches, or fillers. Another critical factor is moisture content. Many polymers, especially engineering plastics and raw materials used in food packaging, are hygroscopic. Inadequate drying can lead to defects such as splay marks or a reduction in mechanical properties. Rifra takes a proactive approach, both by developing materials with controlled flow properties and by recommending specific storage and handling conditions. In the dosing phase, it is essential to ensure consistent feed quality, which is achieved through:

Homogeneous residual moisture of the granules

Uniform mixing of components

Absence of bridging in the press feed hopper

Phase two

2. Plasticization and injection

Injection molding takes place in a cyclic press mainly composed of the injection unit and the mold. In the plasticizing screw, the granules are melted, homogenized, and metered. A critical parameter is the stability of the plasticization process, which depends on:

Homogeneity of the molten mixture (temperature and viscosity)

Reproducibility of the dosing volume

Absence of thermal or hydrolytic degradation of the polymer

Common defects related to this phase include:

Short shot (incomplete part)

Caused by insufficient dosing, low melt temperature, or poor flowability.

Splay marks (steam burning)

Caused by moisture or volatiles in the material that, when trapped, explode inside the mold cavity.

Burn marks

Caused by trapped air (insufficient venting) or thermal degradation of the polymer due to excessive temperatures or residence times.

Phase three

3. Pack-holding pressure and cooling

After filling the cavity, it is necessary to apply additional pressure (compaction or pack-holding pressure) to compensate for material shrinkage during solidification. This is followed by the cooling phase, which is decisive for final dimensional stability. In these two phases, it is necessary to ensure that:

The material is correctly distributed in the mold

It has sufficient time and temperature to cool uniformly

The constituent molecules, which were pushed into an energetically unfavorable state during the injection phase, are allowed to relax

The main critical issues are:

Excessive or non-uniform shrinkage

Leads to warpage, internal stress cracks (sink marks), and out-of-tolerance dimensional variations. It depends heavily on the material formulation, process conditions, and mold design.

Visible flow lines

Aesthetic defect caused by premature cooling of the melt or inadequate mold temperature.

Excessive residual stress

Can lead to premature cracking of the part under load or in contact with chemical agents.

Phase four

4. Ejection and finishing

At the end of cooling, the part is ejected. Subsequently, finishing operations such as degating, welding, or decoloration may be required. In these two phases, it is important that:

The parts detach from the mold without resistance

The surface finish is as expected

The part is prepared for any subsequent processing

Critical issues include:

Ejection difficulties

Can cause deformation or scratches on the part. It may be linked to excessive adhesion to the mold material or non-optimal ejector design.

Flash formation

Caused by excessive injection pressure, mold wear, or insufficient press clamping force.

Markets

Markets for injection molding

Success in injection molding is measured by the ability to respond to the unique challenges of each sector. Solutions that guarantee high productivity, consistent quality, and regulatory compliance are not universal but must be engineered for the specific final application. Our expertise and specialized products serve your most critical needs across a wide range of high-tech and regulated industrial sectors. Over the years, we have developed products for:

Products

Product line for injection molding

Rifra offers a wide range of Color, Additive, and Complex formulations for every injection molding process requirement, including UV stabilizers, nucleating agents, lubricants, and antistatic additives. Each product is developed to optimize the production process and ensure the best aesthetic and functional result, with a focus on sustainability and the circular economy.

Color Masterbatches

Our design rules for color formulations

Rifra has always chosen not to focus on the production of standard formulas but to support the Customer in ad hoc developments that maximize color performance in the specific intended use. Not codes that can be used for everything, but a selection of colors that enhance the value the Customer wants to give to their product. The following table is a tool for this continuous dialogue. It relates the most common critical issues with the mechanisms that generate them and, above all, with the synergistic strategies we can activate together. From our functional additives, such as RIFRACHEM INTERLUBE lubricants or RIFRACHEM NUCLEANTI nucleating agents, to the process indications that maximize their effectiveness, every entry is a starting point for a targeted technical conversation. We work on the same side of the bench. Your process challenge is our development priority.

Regulated and high-performance sectors Value for manufactured goods How to obtain value from Rifra formulas
Medical Devices with colors coded by function, biocompatible, sterile, and resistant to aggressive autoclave/gamma sterilization cycles. The technical team, in synergy with the regulatory office, guarantees the best formulation for full compliance with mandatory medical standards.
Early childhood Products feature soft and delicate colors, resistant to frequent washing and aggressive sterilizing detergents. The formulas, validated for prolonged contact, use pure pigments free of heavy metals with certified chemical stability for neonatal safety.
Toys Colored parts are vibrant, non-toxic, safe, and resistant to intense daily use. We select “Positive List” pigments for toy safety, formulate custom colors for various polymers, and collaborate with R&D/Marketing teams to unify tones on multi-material parts.
Automotive Interior and exterior parts have matching colors, resistant to UV, heat, scratches, and fluids such as gasoline/oil. The technical office develops formulas testable upon request for thermal and chemical resistance, ensuring perfect matches and reliability.
Electrical / Electronic Components have stable, uniform, and professional colors that resist heat generated by devices over time. Formulations use pigments to withstand electronic temperatures, preventing discoloration/yellowing with uniform coverage batch after batch.
Food packaging Containers with vibrant colors that do not migrate to the food, ensuring safety and absolute compliance. The regulatory office selects FDA/EU 10/2011 compliant pigments, supporting migration tests in food simulants for inertness.
Sectors with high aesthetic impact and durability Value for manufactured goods How to obtain value from Rifra formulas
Appliances Finishes combine high-level aesthetics with surface resistance to scratches, impacts, and household chemicals. Formulation expertise in joint development with the customer guarantees color tone uniformity on diverse parts with optimal aesthetic performance.
Housewares Manufactured goods have a uniform color, a scratch/impact-resistant surface, and are easy to clean with detergents. We use pigments with high chemical and mechanical resistance to ensure durability over time on surfaces exposed to daily wear.
Furnishing elements Trendy surfaces have uniform matte or glossy colors, resistant to abrasion and aggressive detergents. We develop repeatable formulas for color and finish on medium/large batches. We support the customer in the study of color and polymer-color-additive rheology to prevent defects.
Lighting Diffusers and reflectors with colors that control and diffuse light uniformly without degrading over time. We measure and design the optical properties of the color (transmission, reflection) with a spectrophotometer for the desired lighting effect.
Outdoor furniture Components have anti-fading color after seasons in the sun, resistant to thermal shocks, rain, and frost. Color systems ensure long-lasting outdoor performance, formulated to customer specifications for various polymers with additives that optimize quality/costs.
Plumbing and heating Parts in contact with hot water maintain their color unchanged, without migration or thermal degradation. We formulate with heat and hydrolysis-stable pigments, supporting the customer in testing the certified finished product.
Cosmetics Luxury packaging with high-end colors and metallic effects, resistant to perfumes and cosmetic alcohols. We choose pigments and special effects with high chemical resistance to prevent discoloration of the finished product.
Specialized high-stress sectors Value for manufactured goods How to obtain value from Rifra formulas
Construction Profiles and components with uniform and stable colors over time, resistant to atmospheric agents and mechanical stress. Formulations are optimized to resist warpage and fading through accelerated structural aging tests.
Agriculture Components for greenhouses and agricultural machinery with color resistant to chemicals, fertilizers, and seasonal weather. We use pigments stable to pesticides with integrated UV protection for long life in aggressive environments.
Sports equipment Components with vibrant colors and brand adherence, resistant to impacts, shocks, and various atmospheric agents. We use tough color systems, collaborating with the customer for resistance to impact and repeated mechanical stress.
Clothing and accessories Buttons, buckles, soles with fashion colors and special metallic/pearlescent effects resistant to wear and sweat. We develop special effects and specific colorations, supporting the customer in the creation of their fashion collections.
Non-food packaging Containers with bright and opaque colors that enhance the brand and are stable under retail display lights. We support all development phases with raw materials for molding performance, special effects, and final customization.
Marine Components with colors resistant not only to UV rays but also to salt spray and constant marine humidity. Color systems use stable raw materials with salt chamber testing for maximum resistance to corrosion and marine degradation.

Additive Masterbatches

Our long-standing additive solutions

Rifra studies specific solutions by collaborating with active ingredient suppliers and verifying with Customers the best balance between the amount of active ingredient in the finished product and the desired performance. Our goal is to provide value to the parts the Customer produces and tangible benefits to their production process. Here are some established solutions.

Value for manufactured goods Benefits for the process Properties
Molded parts maintain color and mechanical properties over the long term, even in hot use processes, avoiding yellowing on the shelf or in service, with dedicated support to pass critical OIT tests. With our systems, we widen the process window and allow for the management of temperature peaks in the barrel without risking any polymer degradation during processing. PRODUCT ANTIOXIDANTS
Molded parts are free of gels and black specks, ensuring uniform and reproducible coloring batch after batch. Our formulations reduce waste from thermo-oxidative degradation, favoring the use of more recycled material (PIR/PCR) to optimize costs, with specific solutions also for efficient plant shutdown and restart. PROCESS ANTIOXIDANTS
Molded parts maintain their mechanical properties during long outdoor exposures, even in critical environments exposed to acid aggression or pesticides, ensuring structural durability over time. Our anti-UV and UV absorber additives selectively absorb ultraviolet radiation, dissipating it as harmless heat and neutralizing free radicals to prevent photo-oxidation, yellowing, and loss of mechanical properties in exposed polymers. ANTI-UV & UV ABSORBERS
Molded parts feature an aesthetically perfect surface, free of flow lines and with high surface gloss. Our lubricants reduce internal molecular friction, decreasing extraction force and surface wear for faster cycles and longer equipment life. LUBRICANTS
Molded parts detach perfectly from the mold without deformation or scratches, even for complex and detailed geometries. Our internal release agents migrate to the surface during injection, ensuring optimal release without sprays that dirty the mold or alter the surface finish.

RELEASE AGENTS

Molded parts do not attract dust during storage and assembly, making them safe for packaging sensitive electronic components and protected from electrostatic charges during handling. Our antistatic additives prevent discharges during automatic extraction, protecting machine and robot circuits for efficient and risk-free automation. PROCESS AND PRODUCT ANTISTATICS
Molded parts are free of surface defects such as silver streaks or internal bubbles, particularly with hygroscopic and recycled materials. Our desiccant Masterbatches reduce long and energy-intensive pre-drying, simplifying material management and accelerating production start-up with lower energy consumption. DESICCANTS
Molded parts comply with fire safety regulations for appliances, electronics, and automotive, ensuring certified safety and structural reliability in critical applications. Our stable FR systems minimize corrosion on machines and molds, with ad hoc formulas designed on customer raw materials and sector standards for optimal production. FLAME RETARDANT
Molded parts feature reduced cycle times thanks to faster cooling and a fine, uniform crystalline structure, optimizing productivity and surface quality. Our nucleating agents induce rapid and homogeneous crystallization in semi-crystalline polymers, measurably reducing cycle times and improving the aesthetic appearance of finished products.

NUCLEATING AGENT

Molded parts achieve a bright and uniform white thanks to OBAs optimized for dispersion in the polymer matrix. Our OBAs are specifically designed to diffuse optimally in the polymer matrix, enhancing the brightness and purity of the white without altering the rheological properties of the compound during molding. OPTICAL BRIGHTENING AGENT (OBA)
Molded parts feature an excellent surface finish, even with complex and difficult-to-process polymer blends. Our process aids improve flow for optimal mold filling, reducing injection pressure and allowing lower thermal profiles while preserving the polymer, and extending cycles between mold cleanings. PROCESS AID
Parts molded with recycled resins are free of odors perceived as unpleasant, improving the acceptability and sensory quality of the finished product. Our odor absorbers selectively capture odorous molecules generated during processing, optimizing the work environment and the aesthetic perception of the manufactured item. ODOR ADSORBER

Complex Masterbatches

Our design rules for formulations

As in all well-done things, the best result is obtained if there is “teamwork”. Rifra translates this motto into a preference for solutions that combine color formulation with the most high-performance chemistries, providing “all-in-one” additive structures directly in the plant. We mention some of the most common solutions, emphasizing that it is, in principle, always possible to create a complex by combining the desired color with the active ingredients necessary to make the process more efficient and enhance the qualities required of the finished product.

Rifra solutions Synergistic advantage Guaranteed efficiency
RIFRACHEM CX NUCLEANTE Color guides the crystallization of semi-crystalline polymers: pigments act as heterogeneous nucleation sites, while the nucleating additive optimizes crystal growth. Together they create a fine and homogeneous structure that enhances color depth and boosts mechanical resistance. The synergy guarantees intrinsic dimensional stability and faster cycles: it reduces the thermal gradient and internal stresses, minimizing warpage on complex geometries and cutting cycle times with more efficient cooling.
RIFRACHEM CX AOX The antioxidant selectively protects the polymer’s chemical bonds from oxidative stress during thermal transformation, ensuring that pigments and dyes develop a pure and repeatable shade without risks of “shade shift” or yellowing of the carrier that would alter the compound’s base color. The stabilized system offers tolerance to extreme process conditions, allowing high temperatures and waste reuse without chromatic degradation, maximizing production yield and operational flexibility in molding cycles.
RIFRACHEM CX SLIP Slip molecules migrate to the surface, forming a lubricating layer that preserves the perceived shade. The result is a colored part with a low-friction surface, ideal for moving components or fluid joints without chromatic alterations. Smoother extraction from the mold, reducing mechanical stress on the part. The decrease in friction minimizes internal stresses, warpage, and surface scratches on the newly consolidated colored area, optimizing quality and production yield.
RIFRACHEM CX ANTIBLOCK Antiblocking particles, homogeneously dispersed in the coloring system, generate a controlled micro-roughness on the part’s surface. This ensures optimal release from the mold without affecting color brilliance, preserving its intensity and aesthetic uniformity. Drastic reduction of release sprays and defects from imperfect release. Variable opacification and spray halos are eliminated, guaranteeing a uniform and repeatable surface finish batch after batch in continuous production.
RIFRACHEM CX PPA The process aid (PPA) eliminates flow instabilities that generate aesthetic defects and distort the chromatic perception of the molded part. The synergy guarantees a smooth and uniform surface, enhancing color depth and homogeneity in high-precision applications. Optimal mold filling with reduced injection pressure. PPA facilitates flow in thin walls and complex geometries, distributing color uniformly across the entire surface and minimizing production waste.
RIFRACHEM CX UV An integrated protection system for polymers: UV stabilizers selectively shield the harmful wavelengths that degrade the polymer. In CX UV formulations, selected pigments and active ingredients resist external aggression, maximizing color tone retention and performance for the entire life of the product. Pre-determined and certifiable durability in critical applications. UV protection, homogeneously dispersed at the molecular level in the coloring system, permeates the entire mass, allowing for the design and validation of the product’s useful life in terms of aesthetic and mechanical performance.
RIFRACHEM CX FR Flame retardants integrated into a complex system guarantee the best performance because all formula components are selected not to interact negatively with each other. The result is a product with stable color that complies with fire safety standards, free from tone variations caused by FR-pigment interactions. Safer and more stable process in continuous production. The synergistic FR system minimizes corrosion on the screw and mold, reduces smoke emissions during molding, protecting the equipment and optimizing operational cleaning.
RIFRACHEM CX LASER The pigment system is optimized to absorb laser energy at a specific wavelength, blackening or changing locally for a high-contrast mark without affecting the chromatic stability of the surrounding base area. Permanent traceability without additional secondary processes. Enables direct laser marking on the colored part, eliminating extra labels and prints in a single integrated production cycle.
RIFRACHEM CX NIR The coloring system features a neutral NIR spectral signature compatible with the base polymer, allowing colored parts to be recognized and accurately separated in NIR recycling plants. This maximizes the purity of recyclable material flows, optimizing process efficiency. We transform colored products, traditionally difficult for mechanical recycling, into fully recyclable resources. We increase the value of the final product in the circular economy, facilitating the achievement of environmental and regulatory sustainability goals.
RIFRACHEM CX FR UV Fire and light stability preserved in synergy: flame retardants are protected from photochemical degradation by the UV shield, formulated not to interfere with the FR’s mechanism of action. The result is long-lasting color on a permanently safe and high-performance product. Durable and reliable regulatory compliance for critical outdoor applications. The unique solution keeps fire safety unchanged against environmental degradation, ensuring prolonged compliance without compromise.
RIFRACHEM CX UV LASER The coloring system efficiently absorbs laser energy to generate a high-contrast mark, while the UV stabilizer protects the entire product over time. We preserve the aesthetic integrity of the base color from photo-induced yellowing, ensuring long-lasting surface quality. Indelible traceability without aesthetic or functional compromises. We resolve the conflict between laser-reactive pigments and sunlight stability, ensuring permanent and legible marking on products exposed outdoors.
RIFRACHEM CX AOX PPA PPA eliminates flow instabilities that distort chromatic perception, while AOX preserves polymer integrity during transformation. Their synergy guarantees a homogeneous surface aesthetic and a brilliant color, free of veils or halos on perfect surfaces. The combination drastically reduces aesthetic waste by addressing flow instability and thermal degradation at the source—the two main causes of surface and chromatic defects—significantly improving production plant performance.